If you don’t live in the United States, getting a U.S. document notarized can feel like it should be complicated — which country’s rules apply, what ID will be accepted, whether a video call even counts. In practice, it’s more straightforward than most people expect. This guide walks through exactly what happens, step by step, from the moment you send us your document to the moment you have a notarized copy in hand. If you want the bigger picture first, our guide to remote online notarization for international clients covers the general concept — this article is the practical, “what do I actually do” follow-up.
Who This Guide Is For
This is written for people living outside the U.S. who need to sign and notarize an American document — expats handling affairs back home, foreign buyers purchasing U.S. property, dual nationals managing a family member’s estate, business owners forming or running a U.S. entity from abroad, and anyone else who has run into the same wall: the document has to be notarized, but you’re not in the U.S. to do it in person.
If any of that sounds like your situation, the process below is the same one we walk international clients through every week.
Step 1 — Check Whether Your Document Is a Good Fit
Before anything else, we look at the document itself. Many of the documents international clients bring to us are a good fit for a remote session — powers of attorney, affidavits, real estate paperwork, and business documents are common examples. Some documents have specific requirements that are worth checking before you schedule anything.
One thing worth flagging up front: this guide assumes you’re notarizing an American document. If your document was actually issued in another country and needs to work within the U.S. system, that’s a related but different process — see our guide on foreign documents, apostille, and legalization instead.
Rather than guess based on a general list, the fastest path is to send us your document directly and we’ll tell you clearly whether it’s ready to go or whether something needs to happen first.
Step 2 — Prepare Your Identity Documents
This is usually the step people have the most questions about, so it’s worth walking through in a bit more detail.
Which ID you’ll need. A valid, unexpired foreign passport is commonly used as identification for a remote session. If you hold more than one form of ID, it’s worth mentioning that when you contact us, since we can tell you in advance which one will work best for your situation.
How identity verification generally works. Before your session, you’ll go through a verification step designed to confirm you are who you say you are. This typically involves photographing your ID and answering a short verification prompt. The exact process can vary depending on your document and session, which is exactly why we walk you through it in advance rather than leaving you to figure it out on the day.
What if you don’t have a U.S. credit history or Social Security number? This trips people up more than almost anything else, and it shouldn’t — it’s an extremely common situation for our international clients, and it doesn’t stop the process. It does mean the verification step may look a little different than it would for a U.S. resident, so let us know ahead of time and we’ll make sure you’re set up correctly before your session.
Step 3 — Upload and Prepare the Document
Once your document and ID are ready, you’ll typically upload the document electronically ahead of your session. If you’re working from a paper original, there are ways to bring that into the process as well — again, something to flag with us in advance rather than during the call.
If more than one person needs to sign — a spouse, a business partner, a co-owner — let us know how many signers are involved and where each of them is located. Multiple signers in different countries or time zones is something we handle regularly; it just helps to know about it ahead of time so we can schedule accordingly.
Step 4 — Join the Video Session From Any Country
On the day of your session, you’ll join a live video call with a notary, using a computer or smartphone with a working camera and a stable internet connection. The session itself is generally short and straightforward: the notary confirms your identity, witnesses you signing the document, and completes the notarization.
Because we work with clients across many countries, we schedule around your time zone rather than asking you to work around ours. If you have a tight deadline — a closing date, a filing deadline, a document that needs to move quickly — mention that when you reach out, and we’ll do what we can to accommodate it.
Step 5 — Receive Your Notarized Document
Once the session is complete, you’ll receive your notarized document electronically. From there, it’s yours to use, send, or submit as needed for whatever brought you to us in the first place.
Common Questions International Signers Ask
A few questions come up often enough that they’re worth addressing directly here. For a broader set of questions people ask before they even get to this stage — about recognition abroad, acceptance by third parties, and session security — see our companion article, questions international clients ask before they sign.
“My passport is expiring soon — is that a problem?” It can be, depending on how soon. Let us know your passport’s expiration date when you reach out, and we’ll tell you whether it’s an issue for your specific session.
“What if my internet connection isn’t great?” A stable connection matters more than a fast one. If you’re not sure your connection will hold up, mention it in advance and we can talk through options.
“The time difference is significant — will that be a problem?” Generally, no. We work with clients across a wide range of time zones and will find a session time that’s reasonable for you.
“I’m honestly not sure if my document or situation qualifies.” That’s a very normal place to start. Reach out and tell us what you’re working with, and we’ll give you a straight answer before you commit to anything.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need to travel to the U.S. to have a document notarized?
Generally, no — that’s the point of a remote session. In many cases, you can complete the entire process from wherever you’re currently located. Contact us to confirm this applies to your specific document.
What if I don’t have a U.S. driver’s license or Social Security number?
That’s common among our international clients and doesn’t stop the process. Identity verification is handled differently in that case — let us know in advance so we can prepare accordingly.
Can more than one person sign the same document remotely, from different countries?
Often, yes. Let us know how many signers are involved and where each is located, and we’ll help coordinate the scheduling.
How far in advance should I start this process?
As soon as you know you’ll need a document notarized, especially if there’s a deadline involved. Starting early gives us time to confirm your document is ready and to schedule around your time zone.
What do I actually receive at the end of the process?
A notarized version of your document, delivered electronically once your session is complete.
A Note Before You Proceed
This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax, or immigration advice. Notarization requirements, document acceptance, and the specific steps involved can vary by document, country, and individual circumstances. Nothing in this content creates an attorney-client relationship or any other professional relationship, and no guarantee is made that a document notarized through this process will be accepted by any particular third party, court, agency, or foreign authority.
Before relying on this information for an actual transaction, filing, or legal matter, contact us directly to review your specific document and circumstances. We’ll evaluate your case individually and confirm the right process before you proceed.
If you live outside the United States and need an American document notarized — a power of attorney, a real estate document, a business filing — you don’t need to fly to the U.S. or track down a local notary who happens to work with foreign documents. Remote online notarization (RON) lets you connect with a licensed U.S. notary over a live video call and complete the entire process from wherever you are.
This guide walks through how remote online notarization works for international clients, what to expect from the identity verification process if you don’t hold a U.S. ID, how foreign documents fit into the picture, and where to go for answers that are specific to your situation.
What Is Remote Online Notarization (RON) for International Clients?
Remote online notarization is a process that allows a commissioned notary to verify a signer’s identity, witness a signature, and notarize a document over a live audio-video connection instead of in person. For someone living outside the U.S., the practical difference is significant: instead of scheduling a trip, visiting a consulate, or waiting weeks for a document to travel back and forth by mail, you can complete the entire signing in a single online session, on your own schedule.
It helps to separate RON from two things it’s often confused with. It isn’t the same as simply scanning and emailing a signed document — a notary still has to verify your identity and witness the signing, just remotely rather than in the same room. And it’s a step beyond older “electronic notarization” programs that still required the signer to be physically present with the notary; RON is built specifically so the signer’s location doesn’t need to match the notary’s.
Why International Clients Need U.S. Notarization
There are a handful of situations where people living outside the U.S. most often come to us needing a document notarized.
Real estate purchases and closings by foreign buyers. Buying a condo, an investment property, or a vacation home in the U.S. usually involves signing documents that require notarization, and closing timelines rarely wait for international mail.
Power of attorney for U.S. affairs while living abroad. Expats, dual nationals, and family members handling a relative’s affairs in the U.S. frequently need a notarized power of attorney so someone on the ground can act on their behalf — for banking, property, healthcare decisions, or estate matters.
Immigration, business formation, and banking documents. Sworn statements, affidavits, paperwork for forming a U.S. business entity, and account-opening documents for U.S. financial institutions often require a notarized signature before they can move forward.
In each of these cases, the person who needs to sign is the one living outside the country — which is exactly the gap remote online notarization was built to close.
Can Someone Outside the U.S. Use a U.S. Notary Remotely?
This is the question we hear most often, and the honest, short answer is: in many cases, yes. Remote sessions are generally designed so a signer can join from another country, using a computer or smartphone with a camera and a stable internet connection.
That said, we won’t pretend every case is identical. Whether remote notarization is the right fit for your document — and what to expect from the process — depends on the specific document, where it’s going, and what the receiving party requires. Rather than offer a blanket answer that might not hold up for your particular situation, we’d rather walk you through it directly. Contact our team and we’ll tell you plainly what applies to your document before you schedule anything.
What ID Do Non-U.S. Citizens Need for Remote Notarization?
One of the biggest hesitations we hear from international clients is around identification: “I don’t have a U.S. driver’s license or Social Security number — can I still do this?”
In general, a valid, unexpired foreign passport is commonly used as identification for a remote session, alongside an identity-verification step designed to confirm you are who you say you are. Exactly what’s required can vary depending on the type of document and the specific session, so we always recommend confirming the details with us before you schedule, rather than assuming based on something you read elsewhere. For the full walkthrough of what to expect at each step, see our step-by-step guide for non-U.S. residents.
How a Remote Session Generally Works
1. Send us your document — Share the document you need notarized so we can confirm it’s a good fit for a remote session and flag anything you should prepare in advance.
2. Schedule a time that works across time zones — We work with clients across many countries, so we’ll find a session time that’s reasonable on your end.
3. Verify your identity — You’ll complete an identity-verification step using your passport or other accepted ID before the session begins.
4. Join the video call — You’ll meet with a notary over a live video connection to sign your document, from wherever you are.
5. Receive your notarized document — Once the session is complete, you’ll receive your notarized document electronically.
This is a general description of what to expect — the exact steps can vary slightly depending on your document and situation. For a more detailed, step-by-step walkthrough written specifically for non-U.S. residents, see our full guide on how to notarize a U.S. document from abroad.
What About Documents That Aren’t American?
International clients sometimes come to us with the reverse situation: a document issued in another country — a foreign power of attorney, a foreign business record, a birth or marriage certificate — that needs to work within the American legal or financial system. This is a distinct topic with its own considerations around translation and authentication, and we cover it in detail in our guide to foreign documents, apostille, and legalization. In short: notarization, certified translation, and document authentication are related but separate steps, and which ones apply to your document depends on where it’s from and where it’s going. The safest path is to send us the details of your specific document and let us tell you what’s actually needed, rather than guess.
Will It Work in My Home Country?
This is another version of a question we get constantly, and it deserves the same honest answer as above: it depends on your document, your country, and the institution or authority that will receive it on the other end. We can’t make a blanket promise that any particular foreign bank, court, or government office will accept a U.S.-notarized document — that’s simply not something anyone can guarantee in general terms.
What we can do is walk through your specific situation with you, share what we’ve seen work for similar cases, and help you understand what additional steps, if any, might be worth taking before you rely on the document. Our article on questions international clients ask before they sign goes deeper into this exact concern.
If international recognition matters for your document, that conversation is worth having before you sign, not after. Reach out to our team with the details and we’ll give you a straight answer.
Why Work With a Miami-Based Team for International Clients
Miami is one of the most international cities in the United States — a genuine crossroads for real estate investment, business formation, and family affairs that span multiple countries. Our team works with international clients regularly, which means we’re used to the questions, the time zone juggling, and the extra care that comes with a foreign passport or a document headed overseas.
We won’t tell you that our location gives you some special legal advantage — what matters more is a team that has actually done this before and knows how to make an international session go smoothly. If that’s what you’re looking for, our notary and consulting team in Miami, Florida is a good place to start.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get a U.S. document notarized if I don’t live in the U.S.?
In many cases, yes — remote sessions are generally designed so signers can join from other countries. The specifics depend on your document and situation, so contact us directly and we’ll confirm what applies to you.
What ID can non-U.S. citizens use for online notarization?
A valid, unexpired foreign passport is commonly used as identification, alongside an identity-verification step. Exact requirements can vary, so it’s best to contact us before your session so there are no surprises.
Do I need an apostille in addition to notarization?
Sometimes, depending on where the document is going and who will receive it. Contact us with details on your document and destination, and we’ll help you figure out the right sequence.
Will a remote online notarization be accepted outside the United States?
It depends entirely on the receiving country, institution, and document type. We can’t guarantee acceptance by any specific third party, but we’re happy to talk through your situation and share what we’ve seen work.
Do I need to be a U.S. citizen or have a Social Security number?
Generally no, but the exact identity-verification steps can vary by situation. Contact us ahead of time and we’ll walk you through what you’ll need.
How long does a remote notarization session take?
Sessions are generally efficient once identity verification and document upload are complete, often well under 20 minutes. Contact us to schedule a time that works across time zones.
A Note Before You Proceed
This article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax, or immigration advice. Notarization requirements, document acceptance, and international recognition vary by state, country, receiving institution, and the specific facts of each situation. Nothing in this content creates an attorney-client relationship or any other professional relationship, and no guarantee is made that a document notarized through this process will be accepted by any particular third party, court, agency, or foreign authority.
Before relying on this information for an actual transaction, filing, or legal matter, contact us directly to review your specific document and circumstances. We’ll evaluate your case individually and confirm the right process before you proceed.
Author: Link2America — U.S. Market Consultants | Updated: July 2026 Reading: 14 minutes
The Italian government is providing millions of euros to help SMEs enter the U.S. market. Few people are aware of this, and even fewer know which funding instruments to combine and which expenses are actually eligible. This guide explains everything in a practical way, with amounts, deadlines, and conditions updated as of July 2026.
On July 1, 2026, the Steering Committee for Internationalization, chaired by the MIMIT Minister, approved the national strategic guidelines, confirming the U.S. as the leading non-European market for Made in Italy products with a +7.2% in exports in 2025.
At the same time, the EU-U.S. agreement ratified in May introduced 15% tariffs on European products bound for the U.S.. This makes a strategic decision even more urgent for many Italian SMEs: whether to continue exporting while paying the tariff, or to establish a direct presence in the U.S.—by manufacturing, assembling, or distributing from within the U.S. market, thereby addressing the problem at its root.
To this end, there are Italian public funds—both national and regional—that cover a significant portion of the entry costs. These funds are already in place and accessible, and will be available at least through the end of 2026.
Available Tools: Overview
There are three levels of public funding available to Italian SMEs looking to enter the U.S. market.
Level 1 — National (SIMEST / Fund 394): The main instrument, with a credit line of 200 million allocated to the U.S., a subsidized interest rate of 0.319%, and a non-repayable grant of up to 10-20%. Administered by SIMEST, a company of the Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group.
Level 2 — ICE Agency: promotional services, group participation in U.S. trade shows, market analysis, and distribution support. It significantly reduces costs without providing direct subsidies.
Level 3 — Regional: Call for proposals in Lombardy, Lazio, Emilia-Romagna, and Veneto offering non-repayable grants covering up to 50% of expenses, aimed at promoting exports to the U.S.
These three levels can largely be combined — provided that the total does not exceed 100% of eligible costs and the de minimis ceiling of 300,000 euros over the three-year period.
SIMEST U.S. Measure: The Most Important Tool
What It Is and When It Was Founded
Dal January 14, 2026, SIMEST has launched an initiative designed exclusively for Italian companies with interests in the United States. It is called U.S. Measurement and is part of Fund 394/81. This is not a call for proposals with a fixed deadline: applications may be submitted on an ongoing basis through the SIMEST Portal until the dedicated budget of 200 million euros.
What's Different Compared to Standard Measures
The conditions for businesses with interests in the US are better than the standard measures:
Loan duration: 8-year term (including the first 2 years of grace period) for the Digital Transition and Market Entry lines
Advance payment upon signing: changes from 25% to 50% in the approved financing plan
Cap on capital increases in US subsidiaries: up to 1,000,000 euros
Subsidized rate: 0.3191 TP3T fixed annual rate
Non-repayable grant: 10% of the financed amount, up to 100,000 euros
Non-repayable grant increased to 20% (max 200,000 euros) for companies in Southern Italy, innovative startups, innovative SMEs, youth-led, women-led, or energy-intensive businesses
Who can access
Companies that meet these requirements may access:
Registered in the Italian Business Register
Not in a state of crisis or insolvency proceeding
No debt positions with SIMEST
With de minimis ceiling available
With at least two filed financial statements
2026 News: some lines are now also accessible to non-exporting companies that belong to supply chains with an international focus. Those who have never exported directly can access it if they are part of the supply chain of an exporting company.
How much can you get
The maximum amount that can be financed is the lower of the 35% of the average revenue for the last two fiscal years and the category limits: 500,000 euros for micro-enterprises, 2,500,000 euros for SMEs, 5,000,000 euros for other enterprises.
Practical example: An SME with an average annual revenue of 3 million euros can apply for up to 1,050,000 euros (35% of 3M). If it already has an active SIMEST loan of 300,000 euros, it can apply for up to 750,000 euros in new financing.
The 6 options under Fund 394: Which One Is Right for You?
Fund 394 is not a single product, but a family of 6 lines, each with different eligible expenses. Choosing the wrong line means having to redo the application from scratch.
Line 1 — Foreign Markets Entry
What it funds: opening of sales offices, showrooms, physical facilities in the USA; contracts with local agents; dedicated personnel; machinery; product adaptation costs. For whom: who opens a branch or a commercial office in the USA, or wants to structure a local distribution network. Project duration: 24 months. Eligible related expenses up to 40% of the total amount (training, rent, setups, trade shows).
Line 2 — E-commerce
What it funds: creation or enhancement of online sales platforms for the US market; site localization; integration with American marketplaces; localized digital marketing. For whom: who wants to sell on Amazon USA, build an American DTC, or open digital channels.
Line 3 — Fairs and Events
What it funds: participation in international trade fairs in the USA; travel and accommodation expenses; booth setup; promotional material. For whom: who participates or wants to participate in trade fairs in the USA (Fancy Food Show, SXSW, etc.). Coverage: up to 3 trade fair participations.
Line 4 — Temporary Manager (TEM/DEM)
What it funds: deployment of a Temporary Export Manager or Digital Export Manager specialized in the US market for 6-12 months. For whom: who lacks internal export skills and wants to build an entry strategy with a dedicated professional. The TEM can also support the search for American commercial partners.
Line 5 — Digital or Ecological Transition
What it funds: investments in digitalization (software, cybersecurity, Industry 4.0/5.0), ecological transition, and capital strengthening—including capital increases in US subsidiaries (up to 1,000,000 euros with the USA Measure). Constraint: At least 50% of the amount must be allocated to digital/environmental investments. 2026 News: extended to non-exporting supply chain companies and energy-intensive companies.
Line 6 — Certifications and Consultancies (US Measure)
What it funds: legal and tax consulting for LLC or C-Corp formation; FDA, FCC, UL, CPSC certifications; product adaptation to US standards. For whom: who must adapt their product to American standards before commercializing it. Amount: from 10,000 to 500,000 euros | Project duration: 2 years Tasso: 0,321%
*20% for businesses in Southern Italy, innovative startups and SMEs, youth-led businesses, women-owned businesses, and energy-intensive businesses. SIMEST rate updated as of July 2026
ICE Agency: What It Covers and How to Access It
ITA does not provide direct grants like SIMEST, but offers a system of services that significantly reduce the costs of entering the US market.
Collective participation in trade fairs: ITA organizes Italian pavilions at major American trade fairs. Companies participate at significantly lower costs compared to individual access — in some cases participation is free.
How to access: For trade fair participations, calendars are published 6-8 months in advance — it is essential to monitor the calls for papers to submit participation requests. contact us for assistance
Regional tenders for the USA: the 4 most active regions
Lombardia — Tailor-Made Exports
Duck Lombardy Region + Unioncamere Lombardia (with Promos Italia) Target micro, small and medium-sized Lombard enterprises with an operational headquarters in Lombardy What it offers: structured pathway with a customized internationalization plan, a trade mission to the USA with 4-6 targeted B2B meetings, logistic support, and on-site interpreters Amount: up to 11,500 euros per company (disbursed in services, not in cash) Type: non-repayable grant under the de minimis regime 2026 Status: the first window (USA) closed in February 2026 — check for the opening of new windows on unioncamerelombardia.it
Lazio — SME Internationalization Voucher
Duck Lazio Region (via LazioInnova / GeCoWEB Plus) Target SMEs with operational headquarters in Lazio, registered in the Business Register What it offers: flat-rate voucher for participation in international B2B trade fairs (up to 3 trade fairs in 2026) Amount: 12,700 euros for the trade show + 20% for personnel costs = approximately 15,240 euros per event 2026 Allocation: 10 million euros Type: non-repayable grant (ERDF 2021-2027 funds)
Emilia-Romagna — SME Internationalization Call 2026-2027
Duck Emilia-Romagna Region (ERDF funds) Target micro and SMEs based in Emilia-Romagna, individually or in temporary business associations (ATI/ATS)/networks What it offers: Non-repayable grant under the 50% program for consulting services and trade shows targeting foreign markets (including the U.S.) Amount: up to 30,000 euros per individual company, up to 140,000 euros for aggregations Bonuses +5% for youth-led, women-led, or non-EU market-oriented businesses Status: application window open — closes early upon reaching 300 applications
Veneto — Chamber of Commerce Export Vouchers
Duck Chambers of Commerce of Veneto What it offers: vouchers for international trade fairs, commercial missions, Export Managers (TEM), internationalization consulting Amount: generally from 2,000 to 15,000 euros per event/project (variable by Chamber) Type: de minimis non-repayable grant Status: check for each provincial Chamber of Commerce
How to combine multiple tools together
The most effective strategy is not to use a single tool, but to combine more than one to cover different phases of the US entry project.
Case 1 — Lombard manufacturing SME, first entry into the USA
Phase 1: Lombardy Region Voucher “Export su Misura” for the internationalization plan and trade mission (11,500 euros in services). Phase 2: SIMEST Trade Fair Line to participate in the Fancy Food Show or a trade fair in the USA. Phase 3: SIMEST Market Entry Program to establish an LLC in Wyoming and set up a commercial presence (up to 2.5 million euros, 8 years, advance payment 50%).
Case 2 — Tech startup, looking for US VC investors
Phase 1: SIMEST US Certifications and Consultancies Line for legal expenses for structuring a C-Corp in Delaware and Italian-American tax consultancies. Phase 2: SIMEST Digital Transition Line for a capital increase in the US company (up to 1,000,000 euros). Phase 3: ICE — matching services with American investors and partners.
Case 3 — Latium Agri-Food SME
Phase 1: Lazio vouchers for the New York Summer Fancy Food Show (up to 15,240 euros non-repayable grant). Phase 2: SIMEST E-commerce Line for the American DTC platform and US Amazon integration. Phase 3: SIMEST Temporary Manager Facility for a TEM specialized in food distribution in the USA.
What happens if the U.S. company hasn't been incorporated yet?
It is one of the most frequent questions — and the answer is more flexible than many think.
For most SIMEST lines, the US company does not need to be already established at the time of the application. It is sufficient to demonstrate 'interest in the US” through one of these elements:
a US entity active for less than 6 months (even if not yet operational)
the presentation of an Investment Plan describing the opening project
This means you can apply for SIMEST financing in the planning phase, use it to cover LLC or C-Corp formation expenses, legal and tax consulting, and initial operating expenses—even before opening a US bank account.
Crucial warning: the expenses must be incurred after the grant date. If you start paying for consulting or registration before the application is approved, those expenses are not eligible.
The Most Common Mistakes That Cause You to Lose Your Benefit
1. Incur expenses prior to approval The rule is strict: eligible expenses must be incurred after the SIMEST resolution. It is the most frequent and costly mistake.
2. Do not check the de minimis cap before submitting your application The maximum limit is 300,000 euros over the three-year period. Sabatini, Covid contributions, regional vouchers: everything erodes the ceiling.
3. Choose the wrong line Each funding line has specific eligible expenses. Choosing the Trade Fairs line to cover office expenses creates reporting incompatibilities. Plan first, submit later.
4. Exceeding the 100% cost limit through cumulative eligibility If the regional voucher already covers the 50% for the trade show, SIMEST can cover at most the remaining 50%—not the entire amount.
5. Waiting for “the right moment” Fund 394 does not have click days, but it has limited resources. Applications are submitted on a rolling basis until the resources run out. Those who wait, miss out.
Frequently asked questions
What is the SIMEST USA Measure and since when has it been active?
The U.S. Measure is a specific program under Fund 394, effective as of January 14, 2026, designed for Italian companies with interests in the United States. It offers more favorable terms than standard measures: a term of up to 8 years, an advance of 50%, a maximum limit for U.S. capital increases of up to 1,000,000 euros, and a non-repayable grant ranging from 10% to 20%.
How much does SIMEST financing cost?
The subsidized rate is currently 0.3191 TP3T fixed annual rate — a figure very close to zero. It is updated periodically:
Can a startup with no export turnover access SIMEST?
Yes. Innovative startups have access to preferential terms: a non-repayable grant of 20% (up to 200,000 euros) and, in some cases, an exemption from collateral requirements. Starting in 2025, certain measures will also be extended to non-exporting companies operating within supply chains with an international focus.
Can I use SIMEST to pay the legal fees for opening a LLC in the USA?
Yes. Specialized consulting for corporate structuring in the US falls under the eligible expenses of the Certifications and Consulting Line (USA Measure). It is one of the most common expenses covered by this instrument.
If I have already received SIMEST funding in the past, can I apply for another one?
Yes, it is possible to apply for multiple grants, provided that the total exposure under Fund 394 does not exceed 35% of the average revenue for the last two years. The projects and expenses funded must be different from one another.
Can I combine SIMEST with regional vouchers?
Generally speaking, yes, provided that the total does not exceed 100% of eligible costs and the de minimis ceiling is respected. SIMEST grants that operate under the GBER framework do not count toward the de minimis ceiling—which makes them particularly attractive when combined with regional calls for proposals.
How long does it take from submitting the application to the resolution?
On average, the SIMEST preliminary investigation takes from 4 every 10 weeks from the complete submission of documentation. For regional calls: 2-4 weeks for chamber vouchers, 6-12 weeks for more structured calls.
What happens if my US company is closed before the final reporting?
The non-repayable grant is revoked. The requirement to maintain a presence in the USA must be met until the final reporting of expenses.
Could the tariffs on 15% be a reason to open a manufacturing company in the U.S.?
Yes. An American company that manufactures or assembles in the USA is not subject to import duties from Italy. SIMEST also finances productive investments and the capital strengthening of US subsidiaries, including capital increases of up to 1,000,000 euros with the USA Measure.
Can I use SIMEST to open a C-Corp and not just an LLC?
Yes. SIMEST does not impose restrictions on the legal form of the foreign company. Whether it is an LLC or a C-Corp, the financing is tied to the internationalization project rather than the corporate structure. The choice of the optimal structure is a separate tax decision — that is why we offer a cfree preliminary consultation.
How can we help you?
Navigating between six SIMEST lines, three tax aid regimes, four regional calls for tenders and the rules on cumulation is complex — and making a mistake at this stage can cost tens of thousands of euros in lost grants or applications that have to be redone.
At Link2America, we work with Italian SMEs and startups looking to enter the US market in a structured way: together, we choose the combination of tools best suited to your situation, plan your expenses to ensure they are eligible, and support you through the reporting phase.
The first step is free. We have prepared a preliminary questionnaire that allows us to arrive at the first call already focused on your specific case. No time wasted by either party.
This guide is current as of July 2026 and is for informational purposes only. Financing conditions may vary — always check the updated operational circulars on the official Simest website before submitting an application. It does not constitute tax or legal advice.
Link2America — US Market Consultants | Miami, Florida | link2america.us
Author: Link2America | USA Market Consultants Updated: June 2026 Reading time: 12 minutes Category: Practical Guide · US Corporate Structures · International Taxation
In short: The LLC is the most used structure, but it is not automatically the right choice for an Italian company. The correct answer depends on three variables: what you want to do in the USA, where you are a tax resident, and what your growth plans are over the next three years. This guide helps you understand which structure is right for you — before investing time and money.
1) Why the choice of structure is critical for Italian SMEs
Opening a company in the USA has become technically simple. You can form a Delaware LLC in a few days, spending less than 200 dollars. The problem is not opening it — it is opening the right one for your specific situation.
For an American entrepreneur, the LLC is almost always the obvious choice: simple, flexible, tax-efficient. For an Italian entrepreneur, the same reasoning can lead to a costly mistake. The reason is simple: The Italian and American tax systems overlap, and the structure you choose determines how your profits are taxed in not one, but two countries.
An error in judgment at this stage typically translates to:
unplanned double taxation of profits (in the US and Italy)
tax filing obligations in Italy on income you thought you had “kept” in the USA
inability to raise capital from American investors at a later stage
corporate restructuring costs ranging between $10,000 and $30,000 when changing structure after launch
The right structure is chosen only once, at the beginning. Changing it later is possible, but costly.
2) The three structures compared: LLC, C-Corp, S-Corp
In the US there are different legal forms for a business, but for an Italian SME wanting to enter the American market, the relevant options are essentially three. Here is a quick initial overview.
LLC (Limited Liability Company) It is the most common business structure in the U.S.: more than 70% of new American businesses are incorporated as LLCs. It combines the protection from personal liability typical of corporations with the tax flexibility of partnerships. Its main advantage is the so-called pass-through taxationthe company does not pay its own federal taxes, the profits “pass through” directly to the partners who report them on their personal income.
C-Corporation (C-Corp) It is the American equivalent of a joint-stock company. A C-Corp is a separate taxable entity: it pays federal corporate tax at a rate of 21% on its profits. Only when it distributes dividends to shareholders are those dividends taxed a second time. This mechanism is called double taxation and it is the main disadvantage of the C-Corp for simple structures. However, it is the only form accepted by American institutional investors (venture capital, private equity) and the preferred structure for companies intended to raise capital.
S-Corporation (S-Corp) It is an American corporation that has opted for pass-through taxation, similar to an LLC. It has higher management costs than an LLC and stricter constraints. The most significant limitation for Italian SMEs: An S-Corp cannot have foreign shareholders. An Italian citizen who is not a U.S. resident cannot be a shareholder of an S-Corp. This effectively excludes it from 90% of the situations faced by Italian SMEs entering the U.S. market.
3) LLC: the most used, but not always the most suitable
How does the tax system work
The LLC is by default a pass-through entity: its profits are attributed directly to the shareholders and taxed on their personal tax return. In the USA this works very well: an American entrepreneur in Florida or Texas (states without a state income tax) only pays federal tax on personal income.
For an Italian entrepreneur, the picture is more complex. The Italian Revenue Agency considers the LLC to be a fiscally transparent entity, which means that LLC profits are included in the personal income of the Italian partner even if they are not distributed. This phenomenon is called phantom income: If you generate a profit of 100,000 euros and decide to reinvest the entire amount in the U.S. company, you won’t receive a single euro—but you must still report those 100,000 euros in Italy and pay IRPEF taxes on them (maximum rate 43%).
Italian tax obligations for an LLC member
An Italian member of a US LLC is required to:
declare participation in RW Board of the Italian tax return (tax monitoring of foreign assets)
I will present the FBAR (FinCEN Form 114) if you have US bank accounts with a balance of more than 10,000 dollars at any time during the year
discuss with your accountant the risk of foreign investment — or the requalification of the LLC as an Italian company if actual management takes place from Italy
US tax obligations for an LLC with Italian members
On the American side, an LLC with foreign members is required to file the Form 5472 (Information Return for a 25% Foreign-Owned U.S. Corporation) along with Form 1120, even if there is no U.S. taxable income. Failure to file results in a penalty of $25,000 for each violation.
When the LLC is the right choice for an Italian
The LLC remains a valid structure for Italian SMEs in these cases:
the entrepreneur has already transferred their tax residence to the USA (or is in the process of doing so)
the company serves exclusively as a commercial vehicle for the US market, with minimal profits and limited activity
A simple and economical structure is desired as a first exploratory step, with full awareness of the Italian tax implications
4) C-Corporation: when is the right choice
How does the tax system work
The C-Corp pays the 21% of federal corporate tax on its profits (flat rate following the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act). In addition to this is the state income tax, which varies from state to state: Florida has a rate of 5.5%, Delaware 8.7%, and Nevada 0%.
When a C-Corp distributes dividends to an Italian shareholder, the applicable Conventional deduction of 15% as provided for in the Italy-U.S. Tax Treaty (signed in 1984, ratified in 1985). The withholding tax rate is reduced to 5% if the Italian shareholder has held more than 25% of the capital for over 12 months. In Italy, dividends received from foreign companies are subject to a 26% substitute tax, with credit recognized for taxes already paid in the U.S.
The advantage of the C-Corp over the LLC for Italian partners
Paradoxically, the C-Corp — which has a reputation for being an “expensive” structure due to double taxation — can be more efficient than the LLC for an Italian partner who is a non-US resident. The reason is control over profit distribution: with the C-Corp, the Italian partner pays Italian taxes only on the profits they actually receive as dividends, not on those that the company reinvests. It eliminates the phantom income problem.
When to choose a C-Corp
The C-Corporation is the recommended choice in these scenarios:
It is planned to reinvest the profits in the USA for several years without distributing them
we want to attract American investors (venture capital, angel investors, family offices)
a future listing or exit to American buyers is expected
You have an American partner who requires a traditional corporate structure
The US business volume is significant and there is a desire to clearly separate American taxation from Italian taxation.
5) S-Corporation: the limit that almost nobody knows
What it is and how it works
The S-Corp is an American corporation that filed the Form 2553 to the IRS to be taxed transparently, similar to an LLC. It avoids the double taxation of a C-Corp while maintaining the more formal corporate structure of a corporation.
The constraint that excludes it for the majority of Italian SMEs
To be eligible to elect S-Corp status, the company must meet specific requirements. The most relevant one for Italian SMEs is this: All partners must be US citizens or permanent residents of the US (Green Card or visa allowing permanent residence). An Italian citizen who is not a US resident cannot be a shareholder of an S-Corp.
This requirement automatically excludes the S-Corp from most situations in which Italian businesses find themselves when entering the US market.
When an S-Corp can be relevant
The S-Corp becomes an option only if the Italian entrepreneur has already obtained US permanent residency (Green Card) or US citizenship. In this case, it can be an efficient structure to manage the compensation of the shareholder-director in a tax-optimized manner.
6) The three most common scenarios for Italian SMEs
7) Scenario 1: solo export, nessuna presenza fisica negli USA
Profile: Italian company looking to sell products or services in the USA without opening a physical office, without American employees, and without relocating.
Objective: having an American company to open US bank accounts, issue invoices in dollars, and contract with American partners and distributors credibly.
Recommended structure: LLC
In this scenario, the LLC is appropriate, but with a few caveats:
The LLC's profits will be declared in Italy as the partner's personal income (pass-through).
if profits are low or are immediately reinvested in US assets, the Italian tax impact is manageable
It is essential to agree with the Italian accountant on the correct filling out of Section RW and the assessment of the foreign-subjection risk.
Recommended state for incorporation: Wyoming (low costs, strong member privacy, no state income tax) or Delaware (if future growth with investors is anticipated).
8) Scenario 2: US office, American employees, on-site presence
Profile: Italian company opening an operational headquarters in the USA, hiring American personnel, and managing local operations. The entrepreneur spends significant periods in the USA but maintains tax residency in Italy.
Objective: solid structure for significant US operations, with a clear separation between Italian and American taxation.
Recommended structure: C-Corporation
In this scenario, the C-Corp offers concrete advantages:
clear separation between US corporate income and Italian personal income
no phantom income: the Italian partner pays Italian taxes only on dividends actually received
credible structure for US corporate clients and potential partnerships with US companies
ability to reinvest US profits into business development without immediate tax impact in Italy
Watch out for the additional costs of a C-Corp compared to an LLC:
more formal and expensive accounting (typically $3,000–$8,000/year)
obligation to hold board meetings and minutes of shareholders' meetings
double taxation on distributed profits (manageable with tax planning)
9) Scenario 3: US partner or fundraising from US investors
Profile: Italian company looking to enter the US market with a local American partner, or to raise capital from American investors (angels, VCs, corporate venture).
Objective: structure that allows the participation of American partners and is compatible with the typical investment mechanisms of the US market.
Recommended structure: Delaware C-Corporation
This is the case where the C-Corp is not just recommended — it is practically the only option:
American investors, particularly venture capitalists, invest almost exclusively in Delaware C-Corps
The C-Corp allows the issuance of different classes of stock (common, preferred) necessary to structure investment rounds.
The Delaware legal structure is the best known and most appreciated in the American startup and corporate ecosystems.
Standard investment contracts (SAFE, convertible note) are designed for C-Corps, not LLCs
An alternative structure for the non-investor US partner: If the American partner is an operational partner (not a financial investor), the LLC with a well-structured operating agreement can work. In this case, it is essential to draft a detailed Operating Agreement that regulates the rights, duties, and exit mechanisms of each partner.
10) Summary comparative table
Feature
LLC
C-Corp
S-Corp
Foreign members admitted
✅ Yes
✅ Yes
❌ No
Double taxation
❌ No (pass-through)
✅ Yes (manageable)
❌ No (pass-through)
Phantom income for Italians
⚠️ High risk
✅ No risk
⚠️ High risk
Attractiveness for US investors
⚠️ Limited
✅ High
❌ No
Annual management costs
💲 Bassi
💲💲 Medi-alti
💲💲 Medi
Administrative complexity
🟢 Bassa
🔴 High
🟡 Media
Export only suitability
✅ Good
✅ Great
❌ Not applicable
US physical presence eligibility
🟡 With caution
✅ Great
❌ Not applicable
Capital raising eligibility
Limited
✅ Ideal
❌ Not applicable
Mandatory Form 5472
✅ Yes (foreign partners)
✅ Yes
N/A
RW Section in Italy
✅ Mandatory
✅ Mandatory
N/A
11) The 5 most common mistakes when choosing the structure
1. Choosing the LLC because “everyone uses it” The popularity of the LLC in the USA is real, but it is based on an assumption that does not apply to Italians: the members are US residents. Copying this choice without considering the Italian tax implications is the most common mistake.
2. Do not consider phantom income Many Italian entrepreneurs are surprised when their Italian accountant asks them to declare income they have never seen in their bank account. The LLC taxes profits on a pass-through basis—even those you left in the American company.
3. Choosing the structure thinking only about today The right structure for those exporting today might not be the right one for someone opening an office in two years or looking for an American investor in three. Changing structures is possible but costly. It is worth thinking about it beforehand.
4. Ignoring reporting obligations in Italy FBAR, Quadro RW, Form 5472: these are mandatory requirements. The penalties for omission are disproportionately high compared to the cost of handling them properly with an expert in US-Italian taxation.
5. Relying on an accountant who knows only the Italian or only the American system A US corporate structure with Italian partners requires expertise in both tax systems simultaneously. An Italian accountant who doesn't know US taxation, or a US attorney who doesn't know the Italian implications, will give you a partial—and potentially wrong—answer.
12) Frequently Asked Questions (Q&A)
What is the main difference between an LLC and a C-Corp for an Italian?
The main difference lies in how profits are taxed. An LLC is a pass-through entity: profits are attributed directly to the Italian shareholder and taxed in Italy as personal income, even if they are not distributed (phantom income). A C-Corp is a separate taxable entity: it pays 21% in corporate tax in the U.S., and the Italian shareholder pays Italian taxes only on the dividends they actually receive. For those planning to reinvest profits back into the U.S. business, the C-Corp eliminates the issue of phantom income.
Can an Italian open an S-Corp in the USA?
No. The S-Corporation requires that all shareholders be US citizens or permanent residents in the US (Green Card holders). A non-resident Italian citizen cannot be a shareholder of an S-Corp. For the vast majority of Italian SMEs entering the US market, the S-Corp is not a viable option.
How much does it cost to form an LLC in the USA?
Setting up an LLC has very low direct costs: state fees range from 50 dollars (Kentucky) to 500 dollars (Massachusetts). Delaware and Wyoming, the two states most used by foreigners, cost about 90 and 100 dollars respectively. To these must be added the costs of the registered agent (100-300 dollars/year), any legal expenses for drafting the Operating Agreement (500-2,000 dollars one-off), and the costs of annual tax compliance (Italian-American CPA: 1,500-4,000 euros/year).
Is it better to incorporate in Delaware or another state?
It depends on how you plan to use it. Delaware is the preferred choice for C-Corps aiming to raise capital from US investors: Delaware's legal system is the most established and recognized in the US corporate ecosystem. Wyoming is the optimal choice for non-resident LLCs wanting simplicity, privacy, and low costs. Florida is recommended if you have actual physical operations in the state (you still need a registered agent in the state where you actually operate).
If I live in Italy and open an LLC in the USA, do I have to declare anything to the Italian Revenue Agency?
Yes, with specific obligations. You must report your participation in the LLC in Section RW of the Italian tax return (monitoring of foreign assets). If you have US bank accounts with a balance exceeding $10,000 at any time during the year, you must file the FBAR (FinCEN Form 114) by April 15. LLC profits are included in your Italian taxable income even if they are not distributed. Failure to declare entails significant penalties.
What is Form 5472 and who must file it?
Form 5472 is an informational form required by the IRS for LLCs with foreign members who own 25% or more of the company. It must be filed annually along with Form 1120, even if there is no U.S. taxable income. It reports all transactions between the LLC and its foreign members: capital contributions, loans, distributions, and services rendered. Failure to file results in an automatic penalty of $25,000 for each violation.
Can I convert an LLC to a C-Corp at a later time?
Yes, it is technically possible to convert an LLC into a C-Corp (or vice versa) at a later time. However, the process is not free: it involves legal and tax costs typically ranging between 10,000 and 30,000 dollars, and it can have immediate tax implications in both the US and Italy. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to choose the right structure from the beginning, considering not only current needs but also those of the next 3-5 years.
Is the Italian LLC the same as the American LLC?
No. The American LLC does not have a direct equivalent in Italian law. It is often compared to an SRL, but the correspondence is only partial. The most significant tax difference is that the American LLC is a pass-through entity (transparent) by default, whereas the Italian SRL is an autonomous tax entity that pays IRES. This difference has concrete consequences for the management of taxation for Italian shareholders.
Does an E-2 or L-1 visa change the recommended corporate structure?
Not directly, but indirectly yes. If you obtain a visa that allows you to work in the USA and you transfer your tax residency to the USA, the problem of phantom income and Form RW ceases to be relevant from an Italian perspective. In that case, the LLC becomes a simple and efficient option once again, exactly as it is for an American entrepreneur. The visa changes your tax residency, not the legal structure of the company.
Which structure is best if I want to sell on Amazon USA?
It depends on the volume and the strategy. For a first exploratory approach with limited volumes, the LLC is sufficient and cheaper to manage. If you anticipate significant revenue and want to optimize US profit taxation while avoiding phantom income, the C-Corp is more suitable. In either case, you will need an EIN (Employer Identification Number), a US business bank account, and a US physical address to register as a seller on Amazon.
13) How can we help you
Choosing the right corporate structure is one of the most important decisions you will make in your internationalization journey to the USA. It is not a decision that can be delegated entirely to an Italian accountant without American experience, nor to an American attorney without knowledge of the Italian tax system.
At Link2America, we work with Italian entrepreneurs and SMEs looking to enter the US market from a solid position—with the proper legal structure, a planned tax strategy, and a clear vision of real costs and obligations.
Our approach: Before recommending a structure, let's understand where you are today and where you want to be in three years. Let's analyze your business model, your current tax scenario in Italy, and your goals in the US market. Only then will we propose the most suitable structure.
The first step is free: We have prepared a preliminary questionnaire that allows us to arrive at the first call already focused on your specific case. No time wasted by either party.
👉 Fill out the questionnaire below to be contacted within 48 hours.
This guide is updated to June 2026 and is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute tax or legal advice. For specific decisions regarding your situation, we recommend consulting an experienced Italian-American tax professional.
In recent years, a growing number of Italian entrepreneurs, investors, and families have been considering the United States not only as a real estate and financial market, but also as a concrete opportunity to obtain American permanent residency through the EB-5 program.
The EB-5 visa currently represents one of the most direct paths to obtaining a US Green Card by investing in the United States. However, there is still a lot of confusing information surrounding this program: minimum amounts, allowed real estate investments, USCIS requirements, Regional Centers, actual timelines, risks, and procedures.
In this 2026 updated guide, we will analyze in detail:
What is the EB-5 visa?;
how it really works;
How much do you need to invest?;
if it is possible to invest in real estate;
how to get the Green Card for the whole family;
What are the risks?;
what to expect in terms of timing;
what mistakes to avoid.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or tax advice. USCIS regulations and EB-5 program requirements can change over time. Before embarking on any immigration path, it is always advisable to consult with a US-licensed immigration attorney.
What is the EB-5 Visa?
The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program is a federal program established by the U.S. Congress in 1990 to attract foreign capital and promote job creation in the United States.
Through a qualified investment in the U.S., a foreign investor can obtain a conditional Green Card for themselves and their immediate family members.
The program is managed by United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
What are the benefits of the EB-5 visa?
The EB-5 visa allows you to obtain:
American Green Card;
permanent residence in the USA;
ability to live in any US state;
access to the American school system;
possibility of working or doing business in the USA;
university access with potentially lower costs than international students;
inclusion of the spouse and unmarried children under 21;
path to US citizenship.
Unlike other visas such as E-2 or L-1, the EB-5 program leads directly to permanent residency.
How much do you need to invest to get the American Green Card?
In 2026, the amounts provided by the program are:
Investment type
Minimum investment
TEA (Targeted Employment Area) Projects
$800.000
Standard investments
$1.050.000
TEAs are areas considered a priority by the US government, generally:
rural areas;
high unemployment areas.
Most EB-5 projects today are structured specifically in TEAs to allow access to the minimum investment of $800,000.
Is it possible to get the EB-5 visa by investing in real estate in the USA?
This is one of the most frequently asked questions.
The answer is: yes, but with some very important clarifications.
Simply buying a house in the United States does NOT automatically grant a Green Card.
To be valid for EB-5 purposes, the real estate investment must:
be structured as a qualified investment;
create at least 10 full-time jobs;
comply with USCIS requirements;
have a verifiable financial structure;
prove the lawful origin of the funds.
Which real estate investments can be compatible with the EB-5 program?
Some examples may include:
real estate development;
hotel;
resort;
multifamily projects;
mixed-use developments;
student housing;
Senior living;
commercial projects;
large-scale real estate transactions through Regional Center.
Many investors choose real estate projects managed through authorized Regional Centers.
What are the Regional Centers?
Regional Centers are US government-authorized entities that manage EB-5 projects.
These entities allow investors to:
participate in large structured projects;
delegate operational management;
use indirect jobs as well for the purposes of the program;
simplify part of the documentation.
In recent years, the Regional Center model has become the most used in the EB-5 sector.
Difference between Direct EB-5 and Regional Center
Direct EB-5
Regional Center EB-5
The investor manages the business directly
Delegated management
Calls for direct job creation
Indirect positions can count too
More operational control
More passive approach
More complex to structure
Most widespread
Often used for personal business
Very common in real estate
How does the EB-5 process work?
1. Preliminary analysis
It occurs:
personal situation;
immigration goals;
family composition;
financial availability;
source of funds;
investment type.
Project selection
The investor can:
invest in a direct business;
participate in a Regional Center;
evaluate EB-5 compliant real estate projects.
This phase often requires:
due diligence;
Risk analysis;
verify legal documentation;
business plan;
Check USCIS compliance.
3. Proof of Source of Funds
One of the most important aspects of the program.
USCIS requires detailed evidence regarding the lawful source of the invested capital.
If approved, the investor obtains a 2-year conditional Green Card.
6. Removal of conditions
At the end of the period, it is demonstrated that:
the investment was maintained;
jobs have been created;
The project complies with the EB-5 requirements.
Subsequently, the permanent Green Card is obtained.
How long does it take to get the EB-5 Visa?
Timelines can vary greatly.
Realistically by 2026:
Phase
Estimated timeline
Document preparation
1-3 months
Filing USCIS
variable
First approval
12-36 months
Conditional Green Card
subsequent approval
Removal of conditions
approximately 2 years later
Some categories or nationalities may experience delays related to retrogression.
What is Retrogression?
Retrocession occurs when the number of requests exceeds the available visas.
This can significantly increase the timeframe.
For some countries, the wait can become very long.
Does the EB-5 visa guarantee the return of the investment?
No.
It is essential to understand that the EB-5 program is a risk investment.
USCIS explicitly requires the capital to be “at risk”.
This means that:
absolute guarantees do not exist;
capital may be subject to business risk;
Project selection is fundamental.
For this reason it is important to carry out:
thorough due diligence;
legal analysis;
financial analysis;
verification of the project track record.
Is it possible to include the family?
Yes.
Generally the program includes:
spouse;
unmarried children under 21 years of age.
They will also be able to get the Green Card.
Can you work in the US with an EB-5?
Yes.
Once the Green Card is obtained, the beneficiary can:
work;
do business;
invest;
live anywhere in the United States.
Difference between EB-5 and E-2
Many Italian investors are also considering the E-2 visa.
EB-5
E-2
Green Card holder
It does not automatically lead to a Green Card
Higher investment
Often lower investment
Longer process
I often process faster
Permanent residence
Temporary renewable visa
Possible passive approach
Requires active business management
Difference between EB-5 and EB2-NIW
EB-5
EB2-NIW
Based on investment
Based on skills/profile
Capital required
It does not require a high investment
Accessible to investors
Accessible to qualified professionals
Business/Investment Focus
Professional merit focus
Simplified practical example
An Italian investor decides to participate in a hotel project in Florida through a Regional Center.
Hypothetical scenario:
investment: $800,000;
project in TEA;
inclusion of wife and two children;
source of funds documentation resulting from the sale of a business;
EB-5 petition filing;
obtaining a conditional Green Card;
subsequent removal of conditions.
However, each real case requires specific evaluations.
What are the most common mistakes in the EB-5 program?
Underestimate the source of funds
Many cases are slowed down due to incomplete documentation.
Choosing projects without due diligence
Not all projects have the same level of security.
Confusing personal real estate purchase with EB-5
Buying a house is not enough to get a Green Card.
Relying on unqualified operators
It is essential to coordinate:
immigration attorney;
CPA;
financial advisors;
real estate advisors;
compliance professionals.
Preliminary checklist for evaluating an EB-5 path
Personal documentation
Passport;
family situation;
residential history.
Financial documentation
tax returns;
bank statements;
deeds of sale;
proof of source of funds.
Investment evaluation
project type;
risk;
Regional Center;
business plan;
exit strategy.
How can an international advisor help?
An EB-5 path often involves multiple areas simultaneously:
immigration;
international taxation;
investments;
real estate;
corporate setup;
family relocation.
An international advisor can assist with the coordination of:
immigration attorneys;
American CPAs;
real estate broker;
developers;
EB-5 operators;
compliance professionals.
FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions about the EB-5 Visa
Does buying a house in Florida allow you to get a Green Card?
No. Purchasing a private home is not sufficient to qualify for the EB-5 program.
What is the minimum EB-5 investment in 2026?
Generally:
$800,000 in TEA;
$1.050.000 outside TEA.
Can I include my wife and children?
Yes, generally the program includes the immediate family.
Is the invested capital guaranteed?
No. It must be a risk investment according to USCIS rules.
Can I invest in hotels or real estate projects?
Yes, many EB-5 projects involve real estate development and hospitality.
How long does it take to get a Green Card?
It depends on many factors, but the process often takes several years.
Can I live anywhere in the USA?
Yes. Once you obtain the Green Card, you can live in any American state.
Conclusions
Today, the EB-5 program represents one of the main opportunities for international investors interested in moving to the United States by obtaining a Green Card through a qualified investment.
However, this is a complex path that requires:
planning;
correct structuring;
USCIS compliance verification;
legal and financial analysis;
accurate project selection.
For this reason, it is essential to approach the process with the support of experienced professionals in immigration, investments and the American market.
If you are interested in learning more or starting the procedure with our assistance, book a free preliminary call now. CLICK HERE
IRS Streamlined Procedure: The guide for US citizens living abroad who want to regularize their US tax status
Are you a US citizen living abroad? Do you have US/Italian dual citizenship or hold a Green Card and have never correctly filed your US tax returns?
Many US citizens living outside the United States discover only after years that the IRS still requires the annual filing of US tax returns, even when the income is already taxed in the country of residence.
For this reason we have published an updated guide dedicated to IRS Streamlined Procedure, one of the most used tools to voluntarily regularize one's tax position with the US tax authorities.
What is the IRS Streamlined Procedure?
The Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures is an IRS procedure that allows many US taxpayers residing abroad to:
catch up on unfiled US tax returns;
declare foreign bank accounts and investments;
reduce the risk of high penalties;
come into compliance with US tax obligations;
return to compliance with the US tax system.
The procedure is often used by:
US citizens living in Italy;
individuals with dual citizenship;
former US residents who moved abroad many years ago;
Green Card holders;
professionals and entrepreneurs with undeclared foreign accounts in the USA.
A problem much more widespread than one might think
In recent years, the IRS has stepped up international audits thanks to FATCA agreements and the automatic exchange of banking information between countries.
Many taxpayers discover their tax exposure only when:
a bank requires US tax documentation;
a Social Security Number is requested;
issues emerge with investments or successions;
a return to the United States is being evaluated;
You want to apply for or renew American documentation.
Our dedicated guide
We have prepared a concise yet practical guide that explains:
How does the Streamlined procedure work?;
What documents are needed?;
which fiscal years need to be regularized;
what are the main risks;
what costs may be involved;
when it is appropriate to speak with a US CPA or tax attorney.
Professional support for US citizens living abroad
Through Link2America We support US citizens, dual citizens, and families living abroad in the preliminary assessment of their US tax situation, coordinating when necessary with CPAs and professionals specialized in US international taxation.
An initial preliminary analysis can help understand:
risk level;
required documentation;
possible costs;
realistic timeline of the procedure;
any alternative options available.
For more information or to request a preliminary evaluation CLICK HERE
In recent years, Panama has become one of the most interesting destinations for Italian entrepreneurs, investors, and retirees who want to internationalize their business or truly relocate their residence abroad.
But when talking about:
S.A. Panamensi,
offshore company,
international taxation,
tax residence,
relations with Italy,
There is a lot of confusion online. One of the most common misunderstandings concerns precisely the difference between:
a normal one Panamanian Corporation (S.A.) e
a so-called “offshore company”.
In fact, many think that:
“opening a company in Panama automatically means creating an offshore company.
Actually, that is not the case.
Understanding this distinction is essential to avoiding tax, banking, and international compliance errors.
What is a Panamanian Sociedad Anónima (S.A.)?
The Corporation (Inc.) It is a standard corporation provided for by Panamanian corporate law.
From a legal perspective:
it is not automatically offshore,
It is not illegal,
It is not a “secret” structure.
It is simply a company used to:
business,
investments,
holding,
consultancy,
international trade,
local or international operational activities.
Do you need Panamanian citizenship to open a corporation (S.A.)?
No.
To establish a Corporation (Inc.) in Panama it is normally not necessary:
Can the Italian Revenue Agency continue to consider an individual as a tax resident in Italy who:
lives predominantly in Italy,
maintains its primary focus in Italy,
runs the business from Italy,
maintains family or primary business activities in Italy.
The Issue of Foreign Investment
One of the most significant risks is that of:
foreign corporate shell registration.
Basically: a foreign company can be considered tax-resident in Italy if:
is administered by Italy,
Decisions are made in Italy,
There is a lack of real economic substance abroad.
Problematic practical example
Mario:
sets up a corporation in Panama,
obtains Panamanian residency,
but continues:
to live in Italy for most of the year,
use the Italian version of Office,
manage Italian clients,
operate primarily from Italy.
This situation could become very risky from a tax perspective.
Most consistent example
Luca:
He actually lives in Panama,
has a coherent international structure,
cross-border business,
compatible operational management,
Accounts and documentation in order.
The position is much more defensible.
Does the Panamanian S.A. need to be declared in Italy?
It depends.
It depends mainly on:
personal tax residence,
equity investments,
corporate control,
applicable Italian law,
any monitoring obligations.
RW Section and tax monitoring
If the individual is still a tax resident in Italy: There may be obligations related to:
Part RW,
foreign accounts,
foreign shareholdings,
tax monitoring.
CRS and automatic exchange of information
Many still believe that Panama is completely “invisible.”.
It is no longer like that.
Today there exist:
CRS,
KYC,
international banking compliance,
anti-money laundering checks,
beneficial ownership checks.
Banks are increasingly demanding:
documentation,
economic substance,
transparency,
international consistency.
Dividends and use of profits
Another very common mistake is to think:
“The company's money is automatically personal.
That's not how it is.
Company and natural person are distinct entities.
The distribution of profits:
can have tax implications,
can generate declaration obligations,
it must be planned correctly.
Simplified tax scheme
Theme
Panama
Italy
Tax system
Territorial
Worldwide taxation
Panama Company
Legitimate
It needs to be analyzed from a tax perspective
Residence
Possible
The loss of Italian residency must be verified.
Foreign accounts
Normal
Possible reporting obligations
CRS
Present
Present
Dividends
Variable
Potential tax relevance
The most common mistakes
Thinking that offshore means invisibility
It is no longer like that.
2. Establish residency only formally
Very risky.
3. Manage everything from Italy
It can create disputes.
4. Open structures without economic substance
Very common mistake.
5. Ignore Italian taxation and compliance
One of the main risks.
Can Panama still be a viable solution?
Yes.
But only if:
The transfer is real,
The structure is consistent,
society has a concrete economic logic,
economic substance,
Compliance is respected.
“Aggressive” or artificial structures are much riskier today than in the past.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do you need Panamanian citizenship to open a corporation (S.A.)?
No. Foreign citizens can also normally participate in the formation of a Panamanian S.A.
Are all Panamanian companies offshore?
No. It depends on how they are used and managed.
Does offshore mean illegal?
Absolutely not. It depends on the structure and on tax and banking compliance.
Does Panama share banking information?
There are international compliance and CRS systems.
Is it really necessary to live in Panama?
Yes. The actual substance is essential.
Can I automatically deduct Italian taxes?
It's not right to think that way. What matters is your actual financial and personal situation.
Conclusion
One Panamanian S.A. It can be an extremely useful tool for:
international entrepreneurs,
investors,
retirees,
cross-border business.
The real difference today isn't really that great:
“Regular Company vs. Offshore Company”
but:
how the facility is used,
where it is managed,
where the owner actually lives,
to what extent it is consistent from both a tax and operational perspective.
Panama should not be viewed as:
tax loophole,
"magic" solution,
opaque structure.
On the other hand, it could serve as a very interesting international platform if developed properly and with the support of professionals who understand both the Panamanian and Italian sides.
Every international project is different, and there are no one-size-fits-all solutions.
If you are considering Panama as a possible solution for your personal, business, or international project, the best advice is to thoroughly evaluate your specific situation before making any operational decisions.
Many Italian entrepreneurs, professionals, and families dream of moving to the United States to develop professional opportunities or start new business ventures. However, one of the first things to understand is that It is not possible to work or move permanently to the United States without an appropriate visa or a Green Card.
In this article, we analyze the main visas that allow you to live and work in the USA, what has recently changed in the regulations—particularly for the H-1B visa—and how to figure out which visa might be best suited to your situation.
Why is a visa necessary to work in the United States
The United States has a very structured immigration system. Entering the USA as a tourist (ESTA or B1/B2 visa) does not allow you to work or transfer your residence to the country.
To work legally in the United States, it is necessary to obtain:
a temporary work visa
or a Green Card (permanent residence)
The choice of the correct visa depends on several factors: the type of professional activity, the presence of a US employer, any investments in the United States, and the applicant's professional profile.
The main visas that allow you to work and live in the United States
H-1B Visa – Highly Skilled Professionals
The H-1B visa is one of the best-known work visas in the United States. It is intended for professionals with specialized skills, often in the fields of:
technology
engineering
finance
consulting
scientific research
The visa is requested by an American employer who is sponsoring the candidate.
In recent years, the program has undergone several regulatory changes, including:
greater control over sponsor companies
revision of salary criteria
changes to the lottery selection system
greater attention to the actual specialization of the role
These changes make proper preparation of the application even more important.
L-1 Visa – Intracompany Transfer
The L-1 visa allows the transfer to the United States of managers, executives, or employees with specialized knowledge who work for a foreign company affiliated with a U.S. company.
It is one of the most widely used visas by Italian companies deciding to open a branch in the United States.
E-2 Visa – Investor Visa
The E-2 visa is particularly interesting for Italian entrepreneurs who want to start or buy a business in the United States.
To obtain this visa, it is necessary to:
make a substantial investment in an American company
prove that the business is real and operational
demonstrate the ability to manage and develop the business
The E-2 visa does not automatically lead to a Green Card, but it can be renewed over time.
O-1 – Visa for extraordinary ability
The O-1 visa is for individuals with extraordinary ability in the fields of:
business
science
sport
art
It requires very detailed documentation demonstrating high-level recognition, awards, publications, or professional achievements.
Green Card through employment or investment
In some cases it is possible to obtain permanent residency directly through specific programs such as:
EB-1 (extraordinary ability)
EB-2 (qualified professionals)
EB-5 (Investors)
These pathways are more complex, but they allow for permanent settlement in the United States.
The Green Card Lottery (Diversity Visa Program)
Another path to obtaining permanent residency in the United States is the Green Card Lottery, officially called Diversity Visa Program (DV Program).
Every year the United States government makes available approximately 55,000 Green Card through a random selection among candidates from countries with low levels of immigration to the USA. Italy is generally among the countries eligible for the program.
Participation in the lottery is free and takes place via online registration on the official website of the US Department of State.
Usually:
Registration is now open between October and November of each year
the results are communicated starting in May of the following year
It is important to know that Winning the lottery does not automatically mean getting a Green Card, but it allows you to start the permanent residency application procedure.
New rules and greater attention to applications
In recent years the State Department has introduced stricter controls on the accuracy of the questions, with a particular focus on:
errors in personal data
photographs not complying with official requirements
multiple registrations of the same candidate
Duplicate or non-compliant records may result in the automatic exclusion from the program.
For this reason, it is always advisable to carefully prepare the application and verify that all technical requirements are met.
How to figure out which visa is best for your situation
There is no absolute “best” visa. The choice depends on a combination of factors including:
professional profile
Presence of an employer in the United States
investment availability
temporary or permanent transfer goals
For this reason it is often necessary to carry out a preliminary assessment of the specific case Before starting any procedure… now take the test to find out which visa is best suited to your situation and what your chances are of getting it!!
Link2America supports Italian entrepreneurs, professionals, and companies that want to move to the United States or develop projects on the American market.
Our team collaborates with immigration lawyers specialized in the United States to:
analyze the applicant's personal and professional situation
identify the most suitable visa
support the preparation of documentation
coordinate the process with legal professionals in the USA
If you are considering moving to the United States or want to figure out which visa might be best for your situation, Contact us for an initial preliminary evaluation.
Fill out the questionnaire directly for faster and more personalized service
Our team will be happy to help you understand the opportunities and possible paths to live and work in the United States.
Most common mistakes when applying for a US visa
Many visa applications are rejected or delayed due to avoidable errors in application preparation. Among the most common errors we find:
choose the viewed incorrectly in relation to one's professional situation
I will submit incomplete documentation
fail to properly demonstrate the relationship with the sponsoring company
underestimate the economic or investment requirements
relying on outdated information found online
Each visa category has specific requirements and a different strategy. Proper initial analysis often helps avoid wasted time, unnecessary costs, and potential denials.
Comparison of the main visas to move to the United States
Visa type
Who is it for
Key Feature
H-1B
Qualified professionals
Requires sponsorship by a U.S. employer
L-1
Managers or employees of international companies
Transfer from a Foreign Company to a U.S. Subsidiary
E-2
Entrepreneurs and investors
Requires investment in an American company
O‑1
People with extraordinary abilities
Based on exceptional professional results
Green Card
Permanent residence
It allows you to live and work permanently in the U.S.
Frequently Asked Questions About Visas and Relocating to the United States
Can I move to the United States without a visa? No. Entering the United States with an ESTA or a tourist visa does not allow you to work or settle in the country.
Is it possible to start a business in the U.S. without a visa? In some cases, it is possible to incorporate a company, but for live and work in the United States In any case, you will need to obtain the appropriate visa.
What is the easiest visa to move to the USA? There is no universally easier visa. The most suitable visa depends on your professional profile, the type of activity, and the presence of a US investment or sponsor.
How long does it take to get a US visa? Processing times vary greatly depending on the visa category, the complexity of the case, and the processing times of the US authorities.
Today, an increasing number of Italian companies operate internationally, both by selling products and services abroad and by purchasing from foreign suppliers. In particular, many businesses are developing increasingly intensive commercial relationships with partners in the United States.
In our consulting work with companies operating between Europe and the USA, we often find ourselves also analyzing the management of international payments and foreign currency flows.
For this reason, in recent years we have selected and tested ready-to-use operational solutions that allow companies to manage international payments and currency exchange more efficiently.
A particularly interesting aspect is that the activation of these solutions generally does not involve implementation or setup costs for the company. For this reason, they often represent one of the simplest optimizations to evaluate for businesses working with international clients or suppliers.
The hidden costs in international payments
Many companies continue to manage international payments exclusively through traditional banking channels. While this approach is the most widespread, it does not always represent the most efficient solution from an economic and operational standpoint.
When a company makes or receives payments in foreign currency, several cost elements actually come into play:
fees for international bank transfers
margins applied to the exchange rate
intermediary fees between correspondent banks
execution times not always predictable.
The most significant cost is often represented precisely by exchange rate applied to the transaction, which may include margins not immediately visible.
For many companies, these costs go unnoticed because they are embedded in the final exchange rate. As a result, it becomes difficult to have a clear view of the overall impact of international payments on the company's balance sheet.
Important savings opportunities
In recent years, technological solutions and specialized services have been developed that allow companies to manage international payments much more efficiently.
The use of tools dedicated to global payment management can generate significant financial savings, both for companies making payments to foreign suppliers and for those receiving payments from international customers.
Among the most frequent benefits we observe in companies adopting these solutions are:
greater transparency on exchange rate costs
more efficient conditions on currency conversions
reduction of operational costs related to international payments
greater control over global financial flows.
Many companies find they can significantly reduce international payment costs without changing transaction volume, simply by optimizing how they manage foreign currency transactions.
Faster payments and simpler management
In addition to the economic aspect, another element highly appreciated by companies concerns the simplification of international payment operations management.
In fact, the new platforms dedicated to global payments allow you to:
make international payments in numerous currencies
receive payments from abroad with greater visibility on financial flows
manage multi-currency operations through a single platform
centralize international payments and simplify the work of the administrative department.
This approach allows companies to reduce operational complexity, improve transaction traceability and speed up the execution of international payments.
Exchange rate risk: an often underestimated factor
For companies operating with international customers or suppliers, currency exchange can have a direct impact on margins.
For example, when a company issues an invoice in dollars or has to make a foreign currency payment in the following weeks, exchange rate fluctuations can affect the final value of the transaction.
In a context of increasingly volatile markets, the management of exchange risk it therefore becomes a strategic element for many companies operating internationally.
To have tools that allow monitor and plan currency exposure allows companies to improve cash flow forecasting and protect operating margins.
Operations between Europe and the United States
Companies operating between Europe and the United States are often particularly exposed to these aspects.
In fact, many companies:
they receive dollar payments from American clients
they make payments to US suppliers
they manage ongoing business relationships with partners in the USA.
In these cases, more efficient management of international payments and currency exchange can help improve both operational efficiency and the profitability of operations.
The role of Link2America
In our consulting work for business development in the US market, we often also support companies in the analysis of operational processes related to international financial flows.
Thanks to our experience with companies operating between Europe and the United States, we are now able to suggest and facilitate access to already operational solutions that optimize the management of international payments and currency exchange, with no activation costs for the company.
Analyzing these aspects can represent a simple but often very effective way to:
reduce operating costs
improve financial management
streamline international operations.
If your company makes or receives international payments and you want to understand if there is room for improvement in the management of global financial flows, we can analyze the situation together and evaluate possible solutions.
👉 For more information or to schedule a brief follow-up call CLICK HERE
Many Italian entrepreneurs who start a LLC or Corporation in the United States They discover only after incorporation that there is an annual administrative obligation called Annual Report. It is not a balance sheet or a tax return, but an essential compliance requirement to keep the company in good standing with the state in which it is registered.
Failure to appear may result in heavy penalties, the suspension of the company and, in the most serious cases, its administrative dissolution.
In this article, we clearly explain what the Annual Report is, when it must be submitted, and why it is crucial not to overlook it.
What is the Annual Report
The Annual Report is a official communication to the State which serves to confirm or update the company's main information, including:
legal name of the company
main address
Registered Agent
names of managers, members or directors
operational address or mailing address
It is important to clarify that do not include financial data, revenue, or profits, and does not replace federal or state tax returns.
Why does this obligation exist
US states require the Annual Report to:
keep the public company register up to date
verify that the company is still active
confirm the Registered Agent for any legal notices
ensure transparency toward customers, banks, and authorities
A company that does not file its Annual Report may result “Inactive, Delinquent, or Administratively Dissolved”, with significant operational and legal consequences.
Summary table of major deadlines in the United States
State
Annual Report Deadline
Frequency
Key notes
Florida
May 1st
Annual
Late Payment Penalty $400
Delaware - Corporation
March 1
Annual
Include franchise tax
Delaware – LLC
June 1st
Annual
Mandatory franchise tax payment
Texas
May 15
Annual
Connected to the Franchise Tax filing
California
Anniversary month of the constitution
Annual
In addition to the minimum state franchise tax
Wyoming
1st day of the anniversary month
Annual
Based on the incorporation date
Colorado
Anniversary month
Annual
Very simple filing
Nevada
Last day of the anniversary month
Annual
Business license renewal included
Illinois
Before the anniversary month
Annual
Required for LLC and Corporation
Washington
Anniversary month
Annual
First report within 120 days
Georgia
April 1st
Annual
Fixed period for all entities
New York
Anniversary month
Every 2 years
Biennial Statement
What happens if it is not submitted
The consequences may include:
administrative penalties
Loss of “Active” status”
inability to open bank accounts or sign contracts
difficulties with investors or business partners
administrative dissolution of the company
additional reactivation costs
For example, in Florida, the penalty is immediate and equal to $400, even for a few days of delay.
Warning: the Annual Report is not the tax return
Many business owners confuse the Annual Report with federal tax obligations (IRS), but they are two completely different things.
Can an American company simultaneously have:
State Annual Report
federal tax return (IRS)
possible state tax return
BOI (Beneficial Ownership Information) updates
Each of these has distinct deadlines and requirements.
Why it is particularly important for international entrepreneurs
Companies established by nonresident entrepreneurs often do not have local administrative staff. This increases the risk of missing a deadline, especially when:
The company has not started invoicing yet
It is not operational every day
The owner resides abroad
The setup was handled by intermediaries who do not provide ongoing support
Even an inactive company must file the Annual Report to remain in good standing.
Support for the Presentation of the Annual Report
Link2America supports entrepreneurs, startups, and international companies in complete management of US companies, including annual administrative duties such as the Annual Report.
If you have an LLC or Corporation in the United States and want to check your status or receive filing support, you can contact us using the options available on the following page:
